RTA Parking in Dubai: A Comprehensive Overview

Overview of RTA parking signage in Dubai

Intro

Navigating the bustling streets of Dubai can be a maze, especially when it comes to finding parking. The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has laid down some guidelines that are crucial for anyone who wants to park their vehicle legally and conveniently. Whether you're an investor eyeing property or just a resident trying to make sense of the parking system, grasping the ins and outs of RTA parking is key.

This guide aims to peel back the layers on RTA parking in Dubai, exploring its rules, payment systems, and other pertinent details that can make or break your parking experience. The vibrancy of Dubai's urban landscape comes with its own set of challenges, and understanding the parking regulations can keep you a step ahead.

As this article unfolds, we will dive into market trends related to parking in Dubai, followed by insights on property investment and the implications of effective parking management. From understanding different types of parking to knowing the best payment methods, this guide is tailored to serve as a robust resource for anyone looking to thrive in this dynamic city.

Let's begin by examining the current market trends.

Market Trends

Current Market Analysis

The landscape of RTA parking in Dubai has evolved significantly in the past few years. Increased vehicle ownership alongside a booming real estate market has led to a heightened demand for dedicated parking spaces. RTA has responded by expanding its network, introducing smart parking and enhancing user experience through modern payment solutions.

Recent data shows a stock of over 20,000 public parking spaces throughout the city, reflecting strategic zoning efforts. Moreover, areas such as Downtown Dubai and Dubai Marina have seen a surge in demand, leading the RTA to streamline its policies to cater to this growth. We can no longer ignore the role of technology in parking management. Payment applications, such as RTA's own "Dubai Parking" app, have simplified transactions, allowing for a more seamless user experience, capturing the attention of tech-savvy residents and visitors alike.

Future Predictions

Looking ahead, the parking scenario in Dubai is expected to embrace even more technological advancements. Smart parking solutions, like automated space detection and AI-driven management systems, promise a more efficient allocation of resources.

Moreover, as more electric vehicles roll into the market, there’s an increasing emphasis on providing designated charging stations alongside parking spots, hinting at a more eco-friendly approach to urban parking.

In the coming years, we might also witness a transformation driven by the rise of shared mobility services. Companies providing ride-sharing or carpooling options could alter traffic and parking dynamics, leading to a potential decrease in overall parking demand.

“The evolution of Dubai's parking landscape is not merely about spaces. It’s about enhancing the city’s livability through efficient management.”

Fulfilling the needs of visitors, workers, and residents will be a continual challenge that RTA is set to tackle, ensuring that Dubai remains an attractive destination for conductors of business and recreation.

Now, let's turn our attention to insights on property investment, as this is closely tied to the intricacies of RTA parking.

Property Investment Insights

Types of Investment Properties

In Dubai, property investment options are as diverse as the city’s skyline. From apartments nestled in the heart of the urban buzz to villas offering serene surroundings, understanding the type of property you want is critical. Many investors gravitate toward high-rises due to their proximity to public transport and shopping venues. However, buyers must consider parking availability.

Luxury developments often come equipped with ample parking spaces, while budget-friendly options might squeeze in the essentials. It's wise for investors to account for the potential need for parking solutions not just for residents but for guests as well.

Financing Options and Tips

Navigating property investments also involves a keen understanding of financing. Having a solid plan for funding your ventures can make the difference between success and stumbling in a competitive environment. Traditional mortgage routes are widely available, but it's worth exploring creative financing options like co-investing or partnership models. There are numerous financial institutions in Dubai, such as Emirates NBD and Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, offering tailored products to make the investment journey smoother.

Additionally, when it comes to integrating parking within your property strategy, seeking professional advice can help clarify the demand for parking in specific areas. Knowledge about market trends will certainly carry weight in negotiating property deals, paving the way for profitable outcomes.

Understanding RTA Parking

RTA parking serves as the backbone of urban transportation management in Dubai, reflecting the city's commitment to providing structured and efficient parking solutions. As Dubai continues to develop into a global hub for business and tourism, the relevance of understanding RTA parking cannot be understated. For investors and property enthusiasts, navigating the intricacies of parking regulations becomes pivotal, ensuring both compliance and optimal utilization of parking facilities.

The Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has designed a system to manage the ever-increasing demand for parking spaces, thus enabling smoother traffic flow and enhanced accessibility. Gaining insight into the various parking options available, regulations into which one must comply, and the associated costs, allows stakeholders to make informed decisions. In essence, comprehending RTA parking licenses the individual to better engage with the bustling life of the city while reducing hassle and ensuring responsible usage of parking areas.

What is RTA Parking?

RTA parking encompasses a range of facilities and regulations set forth by the Dubai Roads and Transport Authority to accommodate vehicles in the city. It's a structured parking approach that aims to maintain order in one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. Essentially, RTA parking includes public areas, private lots, and high-rise parking garages that cater to the diverse needs of residents, tourists, and business personnel alike.

The RTA governs these spaces by implementing a system that assigns each area specific rules regarding usage, time limits, and payment methods. For instance, while some areas allow for free parking at night, others might impose strict hourly rates during peak hours. Therefore, understanding what constitutes RTA parking allows one to maneuver easily in both personal and professional contexts, avoiding fines or other repercussions associated with misparking.

Importance of RTA Parking Regulations

RTA parking regulations emerge as crucial components for a city like Dubai. They not only ensure that parking spaces remain available and organized, but they also play a significant role in reducing traffic congestion and promoting responsible vehicle ownership. An in-depth understanding of these regulations can lead to various benefits, especially for property owners and investors.

The regulations cover aspects such as:

Time restrictions: Knowing when parking is allowed or forbidden is vital. Violating these rules can lead to fines or towing of vehicles, causing unnecessary inconvenience.
Fees and payment options: Understanding how parking fees work, including which methods of payment are accepted, helps prevent unexpected costs.
Special parking provisions: Certain areas may have regulations for disabled parking or designated spots for rideshare vehicles, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility.

By adhering to RTA parking regulations, individuals contribute to a more orderly urban environment, demonstrating responsibility in shared space. Moreover, it opens up opportunities for making smarter commuting decisions, benefiting not just the vehicle owners but the city as a whole. A well-informed resident or visitor can minimize their parking woes and embrace what Dubai has to offer without falling foul of the regulations.

Different types of parking available in Dubai

Types of RTA Parking Facilities

Understanding the various types of RTA parking facilities is crucial for both drivers and property stakeholders in Dubai. Each type of facility comes with its own set of advantages and considerations, catering to different needs and preferences. By exploring these parking options in depth, one can make informed decisions that align with specific requirements, whether it’s for daily commuting, residential needs, or commercial ventures.

Public Parking Areas

Public parking areas are foundational to Dubai's parking infrastructure, providing essential support for daily visitors and residents alike. These facilities are strategically located throughout the city, often in high-traffic areas such as business districts, shopping centers, and tourist attractions. They offer a cost-effective solution to parking, with various pricing structures based on location and time of day.

The key features of public parking areas include:

Accessibility: Positioned in central locations, making them easy to find and use.
Affordability: Typically lower rates compared to private parking, although pricing can vary significantly across neighborhoods.
Duration Flexibility: Suitable for both short-term visits and longer stays, allowing users to select options that suit their schedules.

However, it’s important for users to remain informed about the regulations governing these areas. Misunderstanding the allowed duration or failing to pay fines can result in costly penalties.

Private Parking Zones

Private parking zones provide an alternative for those who prefer a more controlled environment for their vehicles. These zones are usually affiliated with specific properties, such as residential buildings, malls, or corporate offices. They offer several benefits that appeal to different users:

Secure Parking: Often monitored and restricted to authorized users only, ensuring better security for vehicles.
Convenience: Users typically enjoy peace of mind knowing their vehicles are safe within designated areas.
Predictable Costs: Regular users can opt for monthly subscriptions which often come at a discount, easing budgeting for parking expenses.

Despite their advantages, private parking zones are not without drawbacks. Accessibility can sometimes be an issue if there are limited spots available, especially in busy commercial areas.

Multistory Parking Facilities

Multistory parking facilities represent an innovative solution to the limited space challenges in a bustling city like Dubai. These structures are designed to maximize parking capacity in a compact footprint.

Benefits of multistory facilities include:

Space Efficiency: By stacking vehicles vertically, these facilities provide ample parking without consuming more land.
Technology Integration: Many modern multistory parking facilities feature automated systems for easy entry and exit, along with displays indicating available spots.
Environmental Considerations: Some facilities incorporate sustainable designs with features that promote energy efficiency and reduce the urban heat island effect.

However, the challenges can include navigating tight ramps and potential delays during peak hours. Also, while they might be more expensive than public lots, the benefits often justify the cost for those prioritizing convenience and security.

Navigating Parking Rules

Navigating the intricate web of parking regulations in Dubai is crucial for anyone looking to park legally and efficiently. Understanding these rules not only helps avoid fines but also enhances the overall parking experience. With the city's growing population and a surge in vehicles, being informed about parking regulations is essential for investors, expats, and anyone residing in or visiting Dubai.

By grasping the heights and depths of these regulations, one can better plan parking strategies, ensuring compliance and avoiding unnecessary hassles. Familiarizing yourself with general regulations, time restrictions, and provisions for disabled individuals sets a solid foundation for an organized parking experience.

General Parking Regulations

The bedrock of RTA parking in Dubai comprises general regulations designed to maintain order and efficiency. Several key points stand out:

Parking Hours: Public parking areas generally operate under specific hours. While some zones offer free parking during off-peak times, others may charge fees around the clock. Make sure to check the signage in the vicinity for precise information.
Parking Signs: Bright and clear signs are prevalent throughout the city. Always pay attention to these markers to avoid any misunderstandings concerning parking permissions.
Vehicle Size Regulations: Uniquely, certain areas are designated for compact cars only. If you park a larger vehicle in such a zone, you risk incurring fines or facing towing.

"Understanding parking regulations can save you not only time but also money, ensuring your visit to Dubai flows smoothly.”

Time-bound Parking Restrictions

Another significant layer of the parking rules revolves around time-bound restrictions. Familiarizing oneself with these constraints can profoundly influence your parking choices:

Short-term vs. Long-term Parking: Many facilities offer short-term parking for errands and quick visits, while long-term parking is maintained for those who need to leave their vehicle for an extended period of time.
Peak Hours: Certain locations experience peak parking demand during specific times, such as weekdays from 9 AM to 5 PM. Knowing these peak hours helps in planning ahead, avoiding frustration when searching for a spot.
Special Rates During Holidays: Some public holidays may bring about unique pricing structures. Being aware of these can help save money and avoid any surprises in parking fees.

Disabled Parking Provisions

Inclusivity is a hallmark of Dubai's parking regulations. Provisions for disabled individuals ensure safe and accessible parking options:

Dedicated Parking Spaces: Various locations cater to those with mobility challenges through specially designated parking spaces. These spots are typically located near entrances for convenience.
Permits for Disabled Drivers: To access these reserved spaces, a valid disabled parking permit is necessary. Typically, this can be obtained through official channels within the RTA.
Enforcement of Regulations: Importantly, misuse of disabled parking spaces is taken seriously. Those caught violating these provisions face hefty fines, underscoring the commitment to accessibility.

Navigating parking rules in Dubai is, without a doubt, an essential aspect of the overall urban experience. By understanding general regulations, time-bound restrictions, and provisions for disabled individuals, you arm yourself with the knowledge needed to maneuver through the city's bustling parking landscape with confidence.

Payment Options for RTA Parking

Navigating the bustling streets of Dubai can be a real puzzle, especially when it comes to finding parking. To ease this ordeal, understanding the various payment options for RTA parking is essential. This section dives into the available payment methods, ensuring that both residents and visitors can manage their parking needs without breaking a sweat.

RTA Parking Meters

RTA parking meters are a common sight across Dubai, providing a simple and straightforward payment method. These meters allow drivers to pay for parking by the hour, ensuring that you’re in compliance with local regulations without the clunky hassle of paper tickets.

Payment methods for RTA parking in Dubai

Using a parking meter is as easy as pie. Simply locate an available meter near your parking spot, enter your vehicle's license plate number, and follow the on-screen prompts. You’ll need to insert coins or use a credit card. It’s worth noting that the meters accept various currencies as well as card payments, making it convenient for tourists who might not have local currency handy.

"Always check the parking meter’s display; it should clearly show the remaining time and fees. This can save you from unexpected fines!"

Mobile Payment Systems

With technology taking the front seat in our daily lives, mobile payment systems have revolutionized the parking experience in Dubai. Apps like RTA’s S’hail or mParking allow users to pay for parking from the comfort of their vehicles. No need to hunt for cash or coins; everything can be handled via your smartphone.

Using these mobile apps isn’t just about convenience. It often enables users to find available parking spots nearby in real time. This feature can save time and reduce the stress of finding a place to park in crowded areas. Additionally, these applications allow for monitoring the remaining parking time, letting you extend your session if you’re tied up in an unexpected meeting.

Benefits of Mobile Payment Systems:

Instant notifications of parking expiry
Ability to renew parking without returning to the vehicle
Integration with navigation tools to direct you to available spots

Pre-Paid Parking Cards

For those who frequently park in Dubai, pre-paid parking cards offer an efficient solution. RTA provides customers with the option to purchase these cards in various denominations, allowing for easy access to parking facilities. Unlike other methods, these cards eliminate the need for continuous transactions, streamlining the parking process considerably.

Once you have a card, just swipe it at the parking meter when you park. It’s not only quick but also great for those who prefer handling their finances in advance. Moreover, this payment method can be particularly helpful for expats or residents who don’t want to deal with daily parking fees.

Considerations Regarding Pre-Paid Cards:

They can be purchased at RTA customer service centers or authorized vendors.
Keep track of remaining balance to avoid running out unexpectedly.
These cards are usually valid for a year, providing ample time for use.

Understanding these payment methods is critical for anyone intending to navigate the ins and outs of RTA parking. It not only saves you time but can also help in avoiding fines. The digital evolution of parking payments in Dubai is a testament to the city’s commitment to making urban life smoother for its inhabitants and visitors alike.

RTA Parking Violation Consequences

Parking violations in Dubai can lead to more than just inconvenience; they can also carry significant financial and legal ramifications. Understanding the consequences of RTA parking violations is vital for anyone utilizing the city's parking facilities. Knowing what to expect and how to respond can save you from an unexpected pinch in your wallet. More than that, it influences how residents and visitors view parking culture in this bustling metropolis.

Types of Violations

The RTA has laid down various regulations, and breaking them can result in several types of parking violations. Here are some examples:

Improper Parking: This includes parking in unauthorized areas, such as on sidewalks or in front of entrances.
Overstaying Time Limits: If you leave your vehicle in a timed spot beyond the designated period, it can quickly lead to a penalty.
Failure to Pay Fees: Not paying the required fee at a meter or failing to use the correct payment method can land you in hot water.
Blocking Access Roads: Parking in a way that obstructs traffic or access for emergency services is taken very seriously.

Every driver in Dubai needs to be aware that ignorance of the law is not a defense.

Fines and Penalties

If a violation occurs, the RTA doesn't hesitate to impose fines. The cost of these fines varies based on the severity and type of violation:

Minor Violations: These can be as low as 100 AED for minor infractions like overstaying a parking duration.
Serious Violations: More significant issues such as blocking roadways may incur fines upwards of 500 AED or even more.
Repeat Offenses: Continually violating parking rules can lead to increased penalties, discouraging repeat offenders effectively.

Ignoring fines can result in more severe consequences, including potential vehicle impoundment. Staying informed about the potential costs can help you avoid unexpected financial burdens.

Appeal Process for Parking Fines

If you believe you've received a parking fine unjustly, you have an avenue for appeal. Understanding this process can be beneficial:

Gather Evidence: Collect all necessary documentation that may help your case—photos of the location, receipts, etc.
Submit an Appeal: Visit the RTA website or mobile app to lodge your appeal. You can usually do this within a specific timeframe after receiving the fine.
Await Response: The RTA will review your appeal and notify you of their decision. This can take some time, so patience is essential.
Follow Up: If necessary, reach out for updates on your case to ensure it's being processed.

Overall, being proactive about understanding and adhering to parking regulations can prevent a lot of headaches down the line.

In summary, RTA parking violation consequences blend financial penalties and procedural responses that are crucial for both expats and locals alike. Remaining aware of these aspects will not only help you navigate parking in Dubai more effectively but also contribute to a more organized urban environment.

Recent Updates in RTA Parking Policies

In the ever-evolving landscape of urban living, recent updates in RTA parking policies in Dubai wield significant influence over the daily activities of drivers and parking management. The integration of innovative solutions and adjustments to existing guidelines is not merely an administrative decision; it reflects the ongoing commitment to enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of parking facilities throughout the city. Investors, expats, and residents must stay informed about these changes, as they directly impact the parking experience and compliance practices in Dubai.

Impact of Smart Parking Solutions

With technology driving change at a rapid pace, smart parking solutions have emerged as a game-changer in Dubai’s parking landscape. The implementation of sensors and real-time data provides drivers with information on available spaces, which translates to reduced congestion and less time spent searching for a spot.

Imagine pulling up to a busy shopping area and being able to find an open parking space in minutes. That’s the promise of smart technology. Moreover, these systems often offer features such as:

Automated Payment: Easing the payment process through mobile apps or contactless payments, ensuring a seamless experience.
Dynamic Pricing: Adjusting parking rates based on demand, which can encourage parking in less popular areas during peak times.
User Notifications: Sending reminders about parking expiry directly to users’ smartphones, reducing the chances of getting fined.

RTA parking enforcement actions in Dubai

The benefits of these solutions extend beyond mere convenience. They also help reduce environmental impact by lowering emissions associated with idling vehicles. A more efficient parking system contributes to a more sustainable urban environment, aligning with Dubai's vision for a smart city.

Changes to Fees and Regulations

Alongside advancements in technology, changes to fees and regulations present another layer of complexity for drivers in Dubai. Over the years, the RTA has made adjustments to parking fees, often reflecting broader economic conditions or strategic urban planning goals. These adjustments can influence how and where people park.

Key elements include:

Increased Parking Charges: Rates may rise, especially in high-demand areas, to regulate traffic and encourage the use of public transport.
Flexible Payment Options: A recent focus on varied payment methods means that drivers can now pay through several platforms, allowing for easier management of parking expenses.
New Regulations on Duration: Changes in the maximum parking duration can restrict how long vehicles may be left in certain areas, potentially leading to increased turnover of parking space and less chance of congestion.

Adapting to these fluctuations in fees and regulations is vital. Non-compliance may lead to hefty fines, but being informed can help in making strategic parking choices. Understanding these changes can enhance investment decisions and residential choices, ensuring those in Dubai navigate the parking landscape smoothly.

"By keeping an eye on updates to tariffs and regulations, residents and investors alike can strategize better, avoiding fines and maximizing convenience."

Frequently Asked Questions about RTA Parking

Navigating the often-convoluted world of parking in a bustling city like Dubai can leave many scratching their heads. This section addresses the Frequently Asked Questions about RTA Parking—an important topic to ensure smooth sailing for residents and visitors alike. By offering clarity on common concerns, this guide serves as a beacon for anyone looking to master their parking experience in the emirate.

What to Do in Case of a Breakdown?

A vehicle breakdown can occur anywhere and at the most inconvenient times. When it happens in an RTA parking zone, it's crucial to stay calm and follow a few essential steps:

Assess the Situation: Determine if it's safe to remain in the vehicle. If possible, move it to a less congested spot.
Notify Authorities: Use local emergency numbers or contact the RTA hotline if your vehicle is obstructing traffic or causing a hazard. It's important to do this to avoid any potential fines.
Inform Your Insurance: While waiting for help, contact your roadside assistance service or insurance company. They can send aid and advise on further steps.
Document Everything: Take pictures of your car, the location, and any surrounding signs for your records or potential insurance claims. This can be important later on.

Remember: Notifying RTA and moving your vehicle promptly can prevent fines.

Being prepared for such incidents ensures that you won't be left stranded while also adhering to RTA regulations.

Can Parking Be Reserved?

The idea of reserving parking in a busy place like Dubai might seem like a fantasy, but there are pathways towards ensuring you have a designated spot:

Public Events: For large gatherings, some venues offer advance booking options through their websites or related apps. Always check ahead if you're heading to an event to secure your space.
Monthly Permits: If you’re a frequent visitor to a particular area, think about applying for a monthly parking permit. This often guarantees a space, particularly in private parking zones, easing the burden of daily searches.
Utilizing Technology: Many parking apps, such as the RTA’s own app, offer features that allow users to check availability. While not strictly reserving, knowing where to go can save you time and stress.
Private Spaces: Some businesses might allow you to reserve spots in their private lots for a fee or as a courtesy to clients. It’s worth inquiring, particularly if you're making a return visit.

Having insights into these options prepares you better for parking, whether for business or recreation. Remember that making reservations where possible can significantly streamline your experience in the vibrant city of Dubai.

Tips for Efficient Parking in Dubai

Navigating the RTA parking landscape in Dubai is no small feat, especially for those new to the city. Understanding how to park efficiently can save you time, stress, and potentially money, too. Whether you are a local or just passing through, these tips can make your parking experience smoother.

Choosing the Right Parking Spot

Selecting the right parking spot is critical in Dubai. Situational awareness is key here. Some areas are busier than others, particularly near shopping malls or popular tourist sites. Being savvy about where you park can save you a headache later on.

Prime Locations: Look for spaces closer to entrances to minimize walking time. In peak hours, snatching a spot a little farther can be a viable option. Good exercise never hurt anyone.
Consider Time Limits: Check for signs that show how long you can park. Ignoring time limits can lead to fines, and that’s the last thing anyone wants.
Stay Clear of No-Parking Zones: Familiarize yourself with the areas where parking is prohibited. It doesn’t take long before the inspectors shake their head and hand out tickets.

"It's not just about finding a spot; it's about knowing the unwritten rules that others might overlook."

Utilizing Parking Apps

With the surge of technology, taking advantage of parking apps has become a game changer in Dubai. These apps can serve as your best friend when it comes to parking.

Real-Time Availability: Apps like RTA Dubai and Parking Finder can show you where spaces are available in real time. Imagine cruising around less and parking more!
Payment Features: Many apps allow you to pay for parking directly on your phone. This means no fumbling for coins or running back to the meter to extend your time.
Notifications: Some applications will alert you when your parking time is close to expiring, ensuring you have enough time to return and avoid fines.

To find the best apps for your parking needs, check local reviews and feedback on forums like reddit.com or tech blogs. The right ones can make all the difference in how you approach parking in this bustling metropolis.

By following these tips and utilizing modern technology wisely, parking in Dubai can transform from a daunting task into a relatively easy undertaking.

Closure on RTA Parking Practices

Summing up the information presented in this article, it's clear that understanding RTA parking practices is not just a matter of convenience but a necessity for anyone navigating Dubai’s bustling urban landscape. The RTA's structured approach to parking ensures that both residents and visitors can find parking spaces efficiently while adhering to regulations. This system fosters a sense of order in a vibrant city that’s always on the move.

Summarizing Key Points

Types of Facilities: From public parking areas to multistory garages, Dubai offers a variety of RTA parking options, catering to different needs. Understanding these types helps in choosing the most suitable spot, especially during peak hours.
Payment Methods: Familiarity with RTA payment options such as parking meters and mobile applications enables smoother transactions, avoiding fines and hassles associated with non-compliance.
Parking Regulations: Navigating Dubai’s parking rules is crucial. General regulations, time-bound restrictions, and provisions for disabled parking are all designed to create a fair system that respects the needs of all drivers.
Consequences of Violations: Being aware of the types of parking violations and their corresponding penalties can steer drivers clear of costly mistakes. Additionally, knowing the appeal process can be beneficial if disputes arise.
Recent Updates to Policies: The introduction of smart parking solutions and changes in fees reflect the evolving needs of the city. Keeping updated on these changes can influence parking habits and expectations.

Every aspect of RTA parking has its implications on the experience of driving in Dubai, making it vital for investors, expats, agents, and managers to stay informed. The knowledge gained here not only helps in compliance but also enhances the overall convenience of parking in a fast-paced city.

Future Outlook on Parking in Dubai

Looking ahead, it’s anticipated that Dubai's parking landscape will undergo notable transformations. The integration of technology is becoming more prevalent, enhancing user experiences and operational efficiency. Smart parking solutions have already begun to make headway, offering real-time data on space availability and anticipated congestion, making life easier for drivers. Investments in further technological advancements could lead to more automated systems, helping to mitigate the frustration often associated with finding parking.

Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable practices within the RTA initiatives. As the city pushes toward greener solutions, we might witness a rise in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations integrated into parking facilities, which aligns with global environmental standards. This shift will cater to a more eco-conscious driving population.

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